This figure was taken by Matthew Marcus, and is reproduced with his permission. It was published in

W. F. Brinkman and P. E. Cladis, Physics Today 35, 48 (1982), (figure 7, page 53).

• The Blue Phases: Introduction
• What Are Liquid Crystals?
• Order Parameter Fields
• Defects in Nematic Liquids
• Homotopy Theory and Defects
• Parallel Transport and Energy
• Twisted Parallelism: Chiral Nematics
• Chiral Nematic Phases: Helical and Blue
• Blue Phases: Networks of Defect Lines
• Defect Lines and Frustration: Curved Space

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James P. Sethna, sethna@lassp.cornell.edu

Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity, now available at Oxford University Press (USA, Europe).